Power among the world’s leading universities has shifted further eastwards, with mainland Europe suffering the worst losses, show the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2013-14.
In general, this year’s tables are marked by their stability: the California Institute of Technology holds on to top spot for the third year in a row; the same institutions make up the Top 10 as last year (albeit with some changes in the pecking order); there is minimal movement among the world’s Top 30; and the two rankings powerhouses, the US and the UK, experience little overall movement at the national level. But one trend stands out: Europe’s flagship varsities are listing.
The premier-ranked institutions in Germany, France, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Russia, Belgium, the Republic of Ireland and Austria all fall down the tables. And although the power shift among nations is less marked than it has been in previous years, the top players in China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore have all risen up the Top 200 list. Asia now boasts six Top 50 institutions, up from five last year.
“For several years, national governments in Europe have reduced or frozen investment in higher education and research as a result of the economic crisis — although they have done so while claiming the opposite, given the importance of the sector in the global knowledge economy,” says Hans de Wit, professor of internationalisation of higher education at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences.
The UK cements its position as the #1 nation in Europe for world-class higher education and the strongest on the planet after the US. It has 31 institutions in the Top 200 — the same number as last year — with seven Top 50 representatives and 11 in the Top 100.
A notable exception to Europe’s downbeat performance is offered by the Scandinavian countries: their top institutions are moving on up. Sweden’s Karolinska Institute (joint 42nd to 36th), the Technical University of Denmark (149th to joint 117th) and Finland’s University of Helsinki (109th to joint 100th) all improve their positions, while Norway regains a Top 200 foothold (the University of Oslo in joint 185th place).
Overall, the US holds firmly on to its hegemonic position as the world’s leading higher education nation. It takes 77 of the Top 200 places (up from 76 last year) — including seven of the Top 10, 30 of the Top 50 and 46 of the Top 100 (all slight improvements on last year).
A similar geographical effect is helping one tiny Asian nation make waves in the global rankings: Singapore. The city state’s two Top 200 representatives continue their ascent. The National University of Singapore rises from #29 to #26 and bolsters its growing status by becoming the second strongest university in the Asia-Pacific region (behind the University of Tokyo, which occupies 23rd spot), overtaking Australia’s University of Melbourne in the process.
Similarly, mainland China continues to progress, albeit slowly. It still has only two Top 200 universities, but they have made further progress in their ambition to rival the West’s best and both can now claim Top 50 status. Peking University inches up one place to #45, while its neighbour Tsinghua University rises two places to joint 50th, consolidating its rapid ascent last year.
(Excerpted and adapted from Times Higher Education & The Economist)